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Amapangidwa kuchokera ku esterization reaction ya inorganic acid kapena organic acid kapena mowa.Mowa kapena phenol kapena acidic anhydride, mowa ndi ethylene, acidic acid yaulere ndi mafuta otumphukira a nayitrogeni amathanso kupanga ester.Hydrojeni pa alpha-carbon mu mamolekyu a ester amataya mowa wa molekyulu ndi ester ina ya molekyulu pansi pamikhalidwe yamchere kuti apange β-keto ester, yomwe imatchedwa ester contraction reaction.Mwachitsanzo, acetyl acetate amapangidwa kuti apange acetyl ethyl acetate.Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri organic synthesis.
Dzina la ester limachokera ku dzina lofanana la carboxylic acid ndi mowa kapena phenol, monga "acid inayake ndi ester".Circle esters amatchedwa lactone (lactone).Mankhwala a ester ndi ofanana ndi amyl niche anhydride, omwe amatha ku hydrolysis, mowa ndi ammonia.Ma ester otsika ndi onunkhira komanso osasunthika opanda mtundu, ndipo ester yapamwamba ndi yolimba.Estes ndi zosungunulira zofunika komanso zopangira zopangira, ndipo ma ester ena ndi mankhwala okha.Malingana ndi mtundu wa asidi, ester ikhoza kugawidwa mu inorganic acid ester ndi organic acid ester.Etate, ethyl acetate ndi mafuta ester, acetate ndi ester onunkhira, ndipo namanonate ndi ester yozungulira.
Ester nthawi zambiri imakhala yamadzimadzi opanda mtundu.Ester yopangidwa ndi mtundu wamafuta ndi mowa wodzaza ndi fungo la zipatso, lomwe limatha kusungunuka m'madzi, komanso zimakhala zovuta kusungunula m'madzi.Kung'anima kwa ester kumakhala kochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri kumayaka.Nthunzi imatha kuyamwa ndi njira yopumira, ndipo ester yamadzimadzi imatha kuyamwa ndi khungu.Pambuyo pa kuyamwa, imasungunuka mu madzi a m'magazi, ndipo ena amatulutsidwa kudzera m'mapapu ndi impso.Pambuyo hydrolysis, kutembenukira mu yachibadwa kagayidwe kachakudya ndondomeko.Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala ochepa a ester, ambiri a iwo ndi oopsa kwambiri komanso oopsa kwambiri, ndipo ambiri a iwo ndi ang'onoang'ono -poizoni kumagulu apakati a poizoni, ndipo ambiri a iwo sali poizoni.Pali 38 esters m'magulu onunkhira a tiyi.Makamaka: ① mafuta ester: opangidwa ndi mowa ndi mafuta, monga ethyl acetate, hexyl hexyate.② Ester wonunkhira: wopangidwa ndi mowa ndi asidi onunkhira, monga Shun-3-hexylzyl.③ Circin esters: opangidwa ndi mowa ndi cyclocar, monga jasmone hyacxide.Ester nthawi zambiri salowerera ndale, yomwe imatha kupangidwa ndi hydrolyzed ndikupanga mowa ndi asidi.Nambala za carbon yochepa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamadzimadzi onunkhira, ndipo manambala a carbon apamwamba ndi amadzimadzi ndi zolimba zomwe sizisungunuka m'madzi.